Music history - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2078 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/10/10 Did you like this example? Introduction As much as music is a universal thing, it is so subjective and relative such that to one person it may be music but to another person it may not be. This therefore complicates the whole issue of the origin of music, which most people speculate to be from those early ages, yet they cannot specially say the dates. In the same way, music is a depiction of art, emotions, culture and ideology of a specific society at a certain period and the styles of music, the sounds and the instruments that accompany it keep on evolving as the society evolves. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Music history" essay for you Create order The basic element of music, which is indispensable when people are dancing, is rhythm. Therefore, a dance is always accompanied by a certain rhythm that most probably guides the dancers’ styles and speed of body movement. This therefore means that music and dance are great partners from the early history of human life. In the corner of everyday life, there lurks music of all forms. For instance, any blow on objects like shell whistle, reeds, and bamboos produce some moan. To some extent, the wind also does that when in high speed, producing some kind of rhythm. However, the most outstanding the human voice that has the ability to delightfully go up and down at his/her will. There are several periods of historical music and how it evolved as discussed below. Beginning with pre-historic music, the earliest form of music was majorly based on natural instruments that were readily available in those days like sticks, rocks, hones, reeds among others. These simplest forms of music are assumed to be used when the people were performing religious ceremonies like animal sacrifice and others. However, there is no writing or notations of such kind of music but it can only be extrapolated from the music of native Africans and red Indians in America who still perform such kind of religious practices and embrace those ancient songs. The evolution of instruments of music was very slow but steady in the early years. However, it is suggested that the voice of man was probably the first instrument of music when he wanted to imitate the nature’s rhythm or to get along with the ancient rituals. This was followed steadily by the clapping of hands or heating two objects together just to supplement the rhythm of the voice.   Ancient music is a name g iven to the music produced at the times when writing begun to develop among the humans. Therefore, the development of writing helped record musical practices and thus helping us know the invention of music notation system, and the record of the instruments of this period. The more elaborate form of early music can be traced to the civilization of the Greeks who drew much from the Egyptian and the Mesopotamian culture. Arguably, by the time of Greek’s emergence on the historical stage, these two ancient civilization had made several inventions of most musical instruments for families like strings, reeds, drums, flutes and brass. During this early period, music had basically two major roles in the society of man: entertainment and ceremony like social, religious or civic. The most popular instruments to the Greeks at this time were the aulos, which looked like a bow and the lyre, which looked like a harp. The view of Greek philosophers on music was that it was the harmony under lying the universe and some added an argument that music performance has an influence on the behavior of man. The knowledge of music in the bible if mostly referred to the culture and traditions of the Israelites. The music and religion Historian named Leckyer Herbert says that both vocal and instrumental music in the bible were cultivated among the Hebrews and it is evidenced in the writings of the bible. Therefore, the Old Testament is a revelation of the devotion of God’s people through the practice of music as it is held in the prophetic books of the bible. Even the prophets of the bible were themselves musicians like Miriam the prophetess took her tambourine during the Exodus and led the women in dance, song, and celebration for the Lord’s triumph over the Egyptians. King soul also comes to an encounter with prophets of the sanctuary who gave prophecies while accompanied by instruments. Additionally, the bible quotes Ezekiel the prophet as a person with a very beautiful voice played an instrument perfectly well. In the same way, King David performed religious music because he wrote the book of Psalms full of religious songs and messages that are sung up to date. The study of ancient biblical music has been majorly on the instruments of Israelites and Palestine. From the data of archeologists, it is clearly demonstrated that music was one of the basic things of life in the ancient Israeli community. This therefore means that even during the biblical times as it is recorded, music was used to communicate important messages apart from being used as a worship and entertainment. Moreover, it is during the Middle Ages that the tradition of western music begun due to the developments in the social and religious status in Europe. Due to the domination of the Catholic Church in this period, the most prevalent form of music was the sacred music. However, it was during the 12th century that organum music developed from sacred music and performed in Paris. There was a fluorescent of secular music by the French people and the period culminated until the genius western secular music was composed. The Christian church of this period derived their music styles and hymns from the already existing Jewish religion. In a certain time during the 9th century, the musicians’ theorists in the church tried a new style of music through experimentation when they simultaneously sang tow melodic lines in parallel intervals.   Music also went through an era known as the renaissance period. In the renaissance period of music, the vocal type was more preferred as compared to the instrumental music. The instrumental music was not commonly applicable and hence there was scarcity of instruments. The composers of the songs in this era were writing music with a great aim of giving a clear meaning of their emotions[footnoteRef:6]. Music hence helped to pass important information to the community as well as illustrating the moods. This is what made the music during this period to emotional. The emotional part of the music is brought out by the accompaniment of the moods in the song. The sound of the music was quite high in this era. This came as a result of the involvement of the bass register in the composing of the song. Music by this time was gaining popularity. The main reason as to why music was gaining such popularity is the emergence of the printing press which assisted in circulating the music copies after composing. The number of music composers increased and people were now being taught on music techniques. Music composers were now found in many plac es like churches, towns, and court. This assisted in the growth of the church choir. Due to the growth of music, the music composers had gained high status in the community and attracted a better pay for their work. One of the ages of music was the Baroque age which consisted mainly of music which expressed one mood throughout the entire piece of the song. The mood was easily noticed through the musical expressions and behaviors of the composer. The mood was expressed through musical language. The music could be accompanied by varying emotions but all the emotions were just circulating on one type of mood. The main reason for the maintenance of a single mood is the availability of continuity of rhythm through the entire piece of the song[footnoteRef:8]. The baroque music had the terraced dynamics, which were clearly seen when the dynamics were maintained for a while, and then a sudden change in them is done. The demand for music had now gone high again and the music composers were to write many new songs, as the listeners were not interested in listening to that old music. The court musicians were most valued and paid more than those from the church. People usually became musicians more than tho se from the church did. People usually became musicians mainly through inheritance and apprenticeship. Children were really trained on the methods of composing music. Before one could become a musician, he or she was to pass certain tests. The music also went ahead to another level known as the classical period. At this age, music differed with the Baroque age in that it was accompanied by different moods. The moods of the music could be changing in a slow and well-defined manner or even a sudden change depending on the composer. In order to engage the audience involvement, the music was accompanied by crescendo as well as decrescendo styles[footnoteRef:9]. The piano was now commonly used because of its ability to change dynamics easily. The composers of this era started making control of their composing rather than composing songs as per the expectations of the people. There emerged rich class of people who played a role in enlarging the music sector. Many people were now interested in their children being taught music lessons in the schools. [9:   Bennett, Dawn Elizabeth. Understanding the classical music profession: The past, the present and   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   strategies for the future. Ashga te Publishing, Ltd., 2013.] The other period of the music industry was romantic period. The romantic period was accompanied by different emotions of the different composers. Due to this reason every composer had a different and a unique style of performance. Being romantic, this kind of music was accompanied a lot of emotions. The music could usually be composed in two different styles. One of the styles is the nationalism. Nationalism saw the composers composing songs in the style of their homeland. The other style was the exoticism. This style was characterized by the composers composing songs to match foreign land[footnoteRef:10]. There mainly existed a type of music called the program music. This kind of music was composed to illustrate a certain event, story or a scene. One of the main program composers was Hector Berlioz. The composers used ranging dynamics which ran from pppp to ffff. The composers also introduced new instruments in their composing. One of the main instrument which was introduced was the piccolo. In this era, the composers ceased from being employed and started composing songs on their own base. Many homes were interested in music and purchased musical instruments mainly the piano. [10:   Kelly, Gary. English Fiction of the Romantic Period 1789-1830. Routledge, 2016. The music then went ahead to another step known as the twentieth century. In this era, the tone color was very crucial and many techniques were now applied. The composers of the songs used many percussive instruments. Some of these instruments which were used include the glissando as well as the down the scale. In this era, songs were composed with the exemption of the traditional tone system. The rhythmic patterns were expanded in this type of music[footnoteRef:11]. Different types of rhythms were combined in one song through the involvement of different sections of composers at a time. Music had now become very popular as a result of the available radio broadcasts, mass printing of music copies and recording. It was now easy for anyone to access music in an easy manner than before. It is in this era where women joined the music industry in large numbers. [11:   Landy, Frank J., and Jeffrey M. Conte. Work in the 21st Century, Binder Ready Version: An   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Introduction to Industrial and Organizational Psychology. John Wiley Sons, 2016. In conclusion, music has actually grown from a minor level to where it is now. It has passed through very many different eras with each era carrying its own characteristics. The musical instruments are seen to be growing from each era to the next. The music industry seems to be growing every now and then. As the time goes by, many people are seen to be interested in music matters. The music was advancing in style and performance from time to time. At the moment, music is still growing and there is room for advancement as well. This is what indicate that music is yet to advance and we should expect better music performance styles in the future.

marketing plan Essay - 4776 Words

1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Procter Gamble (PG), the large US consumer products company, has a well-earned reputation as one of the worlds best marketers. One of PG well-known product is Joy Liquid Dishwasher. Joy was re-introduced in Malaysia in September 2013. As the price is slightly higher than the competitors, the demand for Joy Liquid Dishwasher is defeated with the competitors brand such as Axion and Glo. Therefore, this report was commissioned to examine the situation. The research draws attention to: I. High price Compare with other dishwashing liquid brand, Joy is quite expensive dishwashing liquid. II. Functionality The customer behaviour in using liquid dishwashing, where they press an excessive amount of the liquid.†¦show more content†¦So this will give a good attractive advertisement to attract customer to buy and try this product. 3.1.4 Threats I. Competitors There are many brand of dishwashing liquid in the market. The price of that brand is cheaper than Joy. Average of consumer in Malaysia is a middle income customer. They prefer to buy things that not too expensive. So they might choose other brand rather than Joy. 3.2 INDUSTRY ANALYSIS Dishwasher can be divided into three types which are paste, liquid and gel. The cheaper price for dishwashing is paste type whether liquid and gel is expensive than paste type. In Malaysia, most of lower income customers prefer to buy paste dishwasher because it cheaper and long durability. While middle and higher income usually use liquid or gel dishwasher because this type of dishwasher always come out with various flavour and gentle to skin. 3.3 COMPETITOR ANALYSIS There are many competitors in dishwashing product. The competitors in dishwashing product usually compete in the price of dishwashing. This is because the ingredient and technology of dishwashing almost same and there is no differentiation between the brand. Table 3.1 below shows price among competitors brand and price is refer in Tesco supermarket. Brand Manufacture Price Sunlight Unilever Refill pack: 700ml = RM4.50 Liquid: 1000ml = RM5.99 Labour Lam Soon Paste: 400g = RM 2.29 Liquid: 900ml = RM 2.59 Zip Lam Soon Liquid: 900ml = RM 3.30 Axion Colgate-PalmoliveShow MoreRelatedA Marketing Plan For A New Marketing Strategy966 Words   |  4 Pagesthe governmental legal requirements and, on the other hand, defines the organization’s policy administration. For a triumphant marketing plan, understanding the government legal approaches allows for efficient operation and inter-relationship with other organization. Similarly, internal legal policies allow the company to uphold its operation in a set manner. 4.0: Marketing Audit A market audit process is a tool that can never be neglected despite the situation. However, very few companies carryRead MoreMarketing Plan For A Small Business2998 Words   |  12 Pagesin detail. †¢ The benefits of TQM when implementing the strategic plan to meet goals or increasing profit within a small business. †¢ The economy’s motivation of small businesses stability as compared to large businesses that are well established, also the financial assistance of other organization including the government. †¢ Different categories of a company and the importance of CRM to any size business. †¢ To compare the marketing plan of a small business and a large business where it reflects theRead MoreMarketing Plan827 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Marketing Business Environment Marketing Planning: An Overview of Marketing 6 main questions to ask in order to create your marketing plan: 1. Where are we now? (Business Mission, Marketing audit, SWOT analysis) 2. How did we get here? (Business Mission, Marketing audit, SWOT analysis) 3. Where are we heading? (Marketing audit, SWOT Analysis) 4. Where would we like to be? (Marketing objectives) 5. How do we get there? (Core Strategy, Marketing mix decisions, Organization, ImplementationRead MoreMarketing Plan3248 Words   |  13 PagesSAMPLE MARKETING PLAN The following pages contain an annotated sample marketing plan for Blue Sky Clothing. At some point in your career, you will likely be involved in writing—or at least contributing to –a marketing plan. And you’ll certainly read many marketing plans throughout your business career. Keep in mind that the plan for Blue Sky is a single example; no one format is used by all companies. Also, the Blue Sky plan has been somewhat condensed to make it easier to annotate and illustrateRead MoreMarketing Plan4753 Words   |  20 Pagesresponsible firm by highlighting its products based on ecotourism, community tourism and sustainable tourism. 2. Situation Analysis Blaze Mountain travels and Tours has been operating for several years now. The trips have been well received, and marketing is now critical to its continued success and future profitability. Blaze Mountain travels and tours offer concepts like ecotourism and sustainable tourism to older tourists and hard adventure trips to the student tourists. This target market appreciatesRead MoreMarketing Plan3688 Words   |  15 PagesSITUATION ANALYSIS The marketing environment for LIMCOMA represents overwhelming opportunities. It also contains some challenges that the firm believes it can meet successfully. An illustration below shows a SWOT analysis of the company to highlight LIMCOMA’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Strengths LIMCOMA’S dedicated founders understand the target market and products. LIMCOMA has achieved distribution in several markets with quick acceptance The firm has a very littleRead MoreMarketing Plan3847 Words   |  16 PagesA marketing plan is a comprehensive blueprint which outlines an organization s overall marketing efforts. A marketing process can be realized by the marketing mix, which is outlined in step 4. The last step in the process is the marketing controlling. The marketing plan can function from two points: strategy and tactics (P. Kotler, K.L. Keller). In most organizations, strategic planning is an annual process, typically covering just the year ahead. Occasionally, a few organizations may look atRead MoreMarketing Planning : The Marketing Plan Essay1545 Words   |  7 PagesTo attract mixed segment ther is need to marketing planning is indeed the key to the whole marketing process. The marketing objectives state just where the company intends to be; at some specific time in the future. James Quinn succinctly defined objectives in general as: Goals state what is to be achieved and when results are to be accomplished, but they do not state how the results are to be achieved. They typically relate to what products will be where in what market. They are essentiallyRead MoreMarketing Plan For Subway Marketing1516 Words   |  7 PagesExecutive summary The marketing plan has close ties with the overall financial and business plan. This plan contents a strategy for success, and breaks it down into coherent, actionable components that will aid The Sub Shop to implement marketing activities to provide a firm return on investment. The following areas will help explain how the company plans to differentiate the business and product offering from the competition, and define the strategy that will drive its business forward. The aimRead MoreMarketing Plan1891 Words   |  8 Pagesa breakeven point in the second year after opening the store and become profitable in the third year of being in this business. In the first year, our profits will be low, due to low sales and high distribution, inventory, marketing and advertising and sales expenses. Marketing expenses will be very high in the first year. We have to inform the customers about this new product and get the consumers to try out this new concept. It will take â€Å"Just passin’ Thru† some time to build up the customer base

Essay on Intelligence Analysis - 584 Words

If you had that one piece of the puzzle that would have prevented the bombings of the twin towers in New York and the Pentagon on September 11 2001 would you know it? If you saw someone do something weird or suspicious before the attack on September 11 2001, would you have called the police? If someone had walked into a United States Embassy in a foreign country and said that they know someone was going to use a plane to destroy New York in two days, could this have stopped the attack? Intelligence Analysis puts the raw sources of information together, make predictions based on the data, and finally publish the results. Stephane Lefebvre wrote that â€Å" intelligence analysis is the process of evaluating and transforming raw data†¦show more content†¦Putting the data into related groups that will either confirm, enhance or disagree with each group of data. The process of synthesizing the information, using the current data, past history of the subject(s), and addition al relevant information, begins toward a final conclusion. Different predictions, conclusions or scenarios are made based on both the data and the analyst insight, training and past experience. The results are sometimes rated based from most likely to occur to the least likely to occur. As the International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence, writer Stephane Lefebvre points out â€Å"Of course, accurate estimates depend at least as much upon the mental model used by the analyst as upon the accuracy and completeness of the information itself† ( 236). The analysis is then given to consumers and policy makers, once it is checked by the analyst supervisor and peers. The analyst should also be ready to give a briefing on short notice. But both the analyst and the policy maker or consumer have to be aware of at all times, is that the intelligence field does not know everything. â€Å"On any given subject, the intelligence community faces what is in effect a fie ld of rocks, and it lacks the resources to turn over every one to see what threats to national security may lurk underneath† (Pillar). While the intelligence analysis field is a small discipline, it can have itsShow MoreRelated Intelligence Analysis Essay2050 Words   |  9 PagesI. INTRODUCTION: The United States Intelligence community draws on advanced technology and analytical techniques. An intelligence process that sets objectives, collects, analyzes, and report findings, with feedback loops integrated throughout. Explicitly, the intelligence community advantages technology and tradecraft within a proscribed process. However, estimation of threats and decision-making are outcomes of human thinking. Analysts and policymakers create mental models, or short cutsRead MoreAnalysis of the Elements of the Intelligence Cycle Essay2246 Words   |  9 PagesMinor Assignment †¢ Analyse the elements of the ‘Intelligence Cycle’. What are its core strengths and weaknesses? Before I begin to analyse the elements of the Intelligence Cycle, I must begin with the definition of ‘Intelligence’. Throughout my research, it became apparent that the acceptance for an accurate definition of ‘Intelligence’ is still an issue to date. One reason could be because experts tend to view ‘intelligence’ through their own specialty, and would be fair to say that thisRead MoreAn Analysis of Business Intelligence Systems1431 Words   |  6 PagesThis report is an analysis of business intelligence systems currently available to our business. As an introduction, I will address in general terms why we need to purchase a business intelligence system and how it will aid our business. Then I will discuss several applications in detail, paying particular attention to the information and analysis capabilities of each, and the hardware and software required for each. Finally, I will conclude with a short evaluation of the products discussed andRead MoreEmotional Intelligence Analysis Paper Essay1284 Words   |  6 PagesEmotional Intelligence Analysis Paper Emotional Intelligence â€Å"EI† is a field that certainly seems to be more widely recognized and is frequently being further studied and researched regarding how it relates to each person as they function in life. I strongly believe that it should be, because learning to manage our emotions in an effective way is critical to how each person deals with all aspects of their life. When we manage our emotions poorly, we not only hurt ourselves, and often our reputationRead MoreBusiness Intelligence Is The Gathering And Analysis Essay1214 Words   |  5 PagesBusiness Intelligence Business Intelligence is the gathering and analysis of large amounts of information so as to gain insights that propagate strategic and tactical business decisions. Business Intelligence is the mix of the processes and technologies which change data into information. It includes a wide category of technologies, including data warehousing, multidimensional analysis or online analytical processing, data mining and visualization, as well as basic queries and multiple types ofRead MoreBusiness Intelligence Is The Gathering And Analysis1229 Words   |  5 Pages Business Intelligence Business Intelligence is the gathering and analysis of large amounts of information so as to gain insights that propagate strategic and tactical business decisions. Business Intelligence is the conglomeration of the processes and technologies which change data into information. It encompasses a wide category of technologies, including data warehousing, multidimensional analysis or online analytical processing, data mining and visualizationRead MoreBusiness Intelligence Is The Gathering And Analysis Essay1175 Words   |  5 PagesBusiness Intelligence Business Intelligence is the gathering and analysis of large amounts of information so as to gain insights that propagate strategic and tactical business decisions. Business Intelligence is the conglomeration of the processes and technologies which change data into information. It encompasses a wide category of technologies, including data warehousing, multidimensional analysis or online analytical processing, data mining and visualization, as well as basic queries and multipleRead MoreAnalysis Of Emotional Intelligence By Daniel Goleman1418 Words   |  6 Pagesthrough email. Synopsis Daniel Goleman, author of Emotional Intelligence, discusses the idea of intelligence being more than a matter of cognitive ability. In part one and two of the book, Goleman discusses how the brain processes emotions. In these chapters the author describes the cortex and the limbic system. Rationality is job of the cortex while the limbic system processes your emotions. He suggests that the emotional intelligence can be a learned skill. In the next chapter Daniel GolemanRead MoreBusiness Analysis : Business Intelligence And Analytics1545 Words   |  7 Pagesadvantage is Business Intelligence. An organization that successfully employs business intelligence is able to collect pertinent information in a usable form in a timely fashion and have it accessible to decision maker so that the organization can more quickly adapt and implement its overall business strategy. The opportunities associated with the ability to use data and analysis in different organizations has helped genera te significant interest in Business Intelligence and analytics (BIA). Read MoreIntelligence Agency : The Intelligence Bureau ( Ib ) And The Research And Analysis Wing ( Raw )1942 Words   |  8 PagesIntelligence philosophers such as Sun Tzu, Kautilya and Machiavelli have stressed on the importance of strategic intelligence for the security of a nation and the history across the world is evident with its prime examples. Such is also the case of India and in this presentation we will be examining some key historic Indian events and their impact on the country’s two foremost intelligence agencies – the Intelligence Bureau (IB) and the Research and Analysis Wing (RAW). Towards the end we will also

War Against Terrorism free essay sample

WAR AGAINST TERRORISM Terrorism means extreme fear. It is an act of terrorizing which means to use force of threatening to demoralize subjugate others. It is a form of violent actions used to enforce the authorities or the government or communities for a special purpose or to achieve political demands in a country or worldwide. Actually the rebels of a country make frantic efforts in order to pressurize the government to bring about a radical change in the domestic as well as foreign policies. It is the most disgusting and disputable crime one can commit against humanity. These horrendous acts of terrorism have been going on unabated since donkey’s years at international as well as in our country. The concept of terrorism has become so elastic that there seems virtually no limit to what could be described it. The syndrome of terrorism has engulfed almost the entire world. Terrorism is not a new phenomenon, but its recent manifestations bring to light its forms, scope and methods quite distinct from istorical pattern. We will write a custom essay sample on War Against Terrorism or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Terrorism is a pejorative term that seems to reflect a system rather than present the case for unjustified and unlimited violence. It’s no longer a problem of specific countries but an issue involving a number of internal aspects. The most heinous crime a terrorist commits is a suicide bomb blast, this clandestine act is done desperately in which hundreds and thousands of innocent people are killed. At the present age, terrorism has victimized the decent peace loving people of this society. Factually peace and stability are the essential factors for the growth prosperity of the nation. Every nation calls itself the best tries to exploit the rights of others. Terrorism itself is the antithesis of human rights. Well planned and coordinated measures should be adopted to reduce the threat of global terrorism. In an open pluralistic society, physical security measures alone will not be enough to combat terrorism. The inner strength of a democracy against terrorism lies in citizen’s determination. Anti-terrorism cooperation should be strengthened through a comprehensive global effort employing political, economic, military loveable cultural means to win their hearts minds.